Process variation, despite introducing challenges in stability and power of SRAM memories, provides a new opportunity for leakage-power reduction: statistical simulation shows that the same SRAM cell leaks differently when storing 0 and 1; this difference is as high as 57% at 60mv variation of threshold voltage (Vth). Thus, leakage can be reduced if values with less leakage can be stored in the cells. We show applicability of this proposal by presenting a first technique for reducing INSTRUCTION cache leakage: we reorder INSTRUCTIONs within basic-blocks so as to match up the INSTRUCTIONs with the less-leaky state of their corresponding cache cells.Experimental results show up to 12.51%, averaging 10.73%, leakage energy reduction at 60mv variation in Vth, and that this saving increases with technology scaling. Since intra-basic-block RESCHEDULING does not affect INSTRUCTION cache hit ratio, this reduction is provided with only a negligible penalty, in rare cases, in the data cache.

Ports are important hubs that connect maritime transport to other modes. For this reason, ports are considered important infrastructures for freight transportation, trade, and the global economy. Therefore, optimizing port plans and operations will play a significant role in port costs and revenues. Berth planning is part of port operations that includes two problems; Berth Allocation Problem (BAP) and Quay Crane Assignment Problem (QCAP). The optimal solution to these two problems can affect the freight transportation speed and cost. This paper integrated modeling two problems BAP and QCAP, and solved them using four metaheuristic algorithms (GA, ICA, TS, ACO). Whereas berth planning is in a disrupted environment and unforeseen events may occur during the program's execution, incurring additional costs for the port, or even stopping the initial plan execution, RESCHEDULING the original berth plan is necessary. This paper uses two methods (global and local RESCHEDULING) with metaheuristic algorithms to find the optimal method for berth RESCHEDULING. Numerical analysis shows the proper performance of GA and ICA algorithms in solving the initial berth planning model and the global RESCHEDULING method. In contrast, for local RESCHEDULING, the ACO algorithm has better performance. Evaluation and validation of models and methods of solving this paper are done using the data of ships' arrival and departure in Shahid Rajaei port.

Transmission line congestion is more severe and persistent in deregulated power systems than it is in traditionally controlled power systems. In a deregulated power market (DPM) scenario, transmission line congestion is one of the most critical problems. To guarantee the electricity system framework runs consistently and securely, the independent system operator (ISO) controls congestion. Congestion management (CM), which takes into account the inherent uncertainties of the restructured power system, is essential to the functioning and security of DPM. This article demonstrates how to control congestion with generation RESCHEDULING. The system is designed in such a way that it helps the traders to compete and trade using the bid prices. Network security is maintained by keeping all constraints within the allowed limits via the Newton-Raphson load flow. An innovative Cheetah Optimizer is employed to handle the congestion management challenge. The weighted sum approach is used instead of multiobjective optimization to simplify the problem as a single-objective optimization, solve the issue for multiple instances of congestion, and be tested in an IEEE 30 bus system. The MATLAB software serves as a tool for modeling the full process, and the results acquired with the Cheetah optimizer give better results than the conventional optimization technique.

RESCHEDULING is considered as a part of decision making process in supply chain of many manufacturing industries and it plays a significant role in fulfillment of consumers’ needs. Hereupon, this article addresses the issue of RESCHEDULING in a three-stage supply chain with a focus on integration of the stages. The first stage includes suppliers, the second stage includes fleet of good transportation and the third stage includes manufacturers of final products. Therefore, the mixed integer model has been used for the mentioned problem with the aim of minimizing the total tardiness time of the orders. In the general case, a genetic algorithm has been provided for problem solving which has chromosomes with variable structures. Comparison between the results of the proposed algorithm with Random Search on a wide range of random problems and optimum solution on the small size problems shows the good performance of the proposed algorithm. Moreover, by relaxing of the some attributes of the problem, the proposed algorithm was compared with two existing heuristic algorithms in the literature. Results show the better performance of the suggested algorithm.

After a permanent fault occurs if it is not possible to supply the load in the network, the optimal load restoration scheme allows the system to restoration the load with the lowest exit cost, the lowest load interruption, and in the shortest possible time. This article introduces a new design called Smart Load Shedding, abbreviated SLS. In the proposed SLS scheme, the types of devices in smart homes are divided into four categories: adjustable, interruptible, shiftable, and uncontrollable loads. In this design, a new two-layer algorithm is proposed to solve the service restoration problem. In the first layer, a heuristic method based on graph theory for optimal system configuration is presented. In the second layer, for optimal load restoration, tools such as RESCHEDULING of distributed generation sources, load shedding, load curtailment, and sensitive load curtailment are used. This layer is a nonlinear mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem. To achieve the optimal global solution and less solution time, the model changes from nonlinear programming of non-convex mixed integer nonlinear programming to mixed-integer linear programming. A modified RBTS distribution system is used as a test system to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.